βΆWhen should I use CircleCI instead of GitHub Actions?
CircleCI = dedicated CI/CD platform (better for large teams, complex pipelines). GitHub Actions = free, integrated in GitHub, simpler. Pick: (1) simple projects β GitHub Actions. (2) large teams, heavy testing β CircleCI. (3) on-premises β Jenkins. CircleCI cost: $30-300/month per team (GitHub Actions included in GitHub).
βΆWhat are CircleCI Orbs and how do I use them?
Orbs = reusable workflow components (like npm packages for CI/CD). Example: orb 'AWS/deploy' encapsulates AWS credential setup + deployment. Instead of writing 50 lines of shell, import orb + 3 config lines. Saves time, reduces errors. Browse Orb Registry for ready-made orbs (Slack, Docker, AWS, etc).
βΆHow do I optimize CircleCI build times?
Strategies: (1) parallel jobs (run tests in 4 parallel executors instead of 1), (2) smart caching (cache npm, pip, gradle artifacts), (3) partial runs (only run tests for changed files), (4) Docker layer caching (reuse build cache). Typical: 30min β 8min build time with these optimizations.
βΆWhat's the difference between CircleCI contexts and environment variables?
Environment variables = per-job, per-branch, flexible. Contexts = shared, reusable (e.g., 'AWS credentials', 'Slack token'). Use contexts for secrets (rotate once, all jobs updated). Use variables for job-specific config.
βΆCan I run private Docker images in CircleCI?
Yes. Set Docker Hub or ECR credentials in CircleCI, reference private image. CircleCI will authenticate. Cost: pulling image from your registry each time (unless using caching). Recommended: push to ECR (faster, cheaper) or use CircleCI's native Docker caching.
βΆHow do I debug a failed CircleCI job?
CircleCI has 'Rerun job with SSH' feature. SSH into running job, inspect logs, re-run commands. Alternative: check build logs (detailed output), compare to local reproduction. Common: missing environment variables, Docker image layer changes, cache misses.
βΆWhat salary for CircleCI mastery?
DevOps engineer ($100-140k) + CircleCI specialist = $130-170k. Platform engineer adding CircleCI optimization = $140-180k. Not a huge bump, but combined with other CI/CD tools (Terraform, Ansible, Kubernetes), becomes critical. High-leverage skill for scaling teams.