βΆWhat's a Donor-Advised Fund (DAF) and why use it instead of direct donation?
DAF = account at Schwab/Fidelity where you contribute (get immediate tax deduction), then decide which charity to grant over time. Benefit: (1) immediate deduction in high-income year, (2) invest the money (grow tax-free), (3) grant strategically over years. Downside: once donated, you can't get it back (irrevocable). Great for lumpy income (stock sale, bonus).
βΆWhat's a Charitable Remainder Trust (CRAT)?
CRAT = you donate appreciated asset (stock, real estate), get immediate tax deduction + fixed income stream for life. Example: donate $1M stock, get $50k/year for life, remainder goes to charity. Benefit: avoid capital gains on asset sale (stock = $200k tax without CRAT). Downside: irreversible, requires trustee, minimum complexity. Use: high-net-worth individuals only.
βΆCan I donate stock directly instead of selling and donating cash?
Yes, and it's better tax-wise. Donate appreciated stock directly β charity gets full value, you get deduction, and avoid capital gains tax on appreciation. Example: buy $10k stock, now worth $50k, donate it β deduction for $50k, $0 capital gains tax. If you sold first, $40k gain = $8-14k tax hit (state + federal).
βΆWhat's conservation easement and is it legitimate?
Conservation easement = restrict land use forever (preserve farmland, forest, wetland), get tax deduction based on value reduction. Legitimate: widely used by farmers to preserve land while keeping ownership. Scammy: overvalued easements used for huge deductions ($10M land = $5M easement = massive deduction). IRS cracking down; valuation must be defensible.
βΆHow much can I deduct for charitable giving?
IRS cap: 50% of adjusted gross income (cash donations). Appreciated property: 30% of AGI. Appreciated real estate: 30%. Excess carries forward 5 years. Example: $1M AGI, donate $600k cash β deduct $500k this year, $100k next. High-income people hit limits; DAF/CRAT let you defer deductions or structure for multi-year benefit.
βΆWhat's the difference between public and private foundations?
Public charity (501(c)(3)): donations fully deductible, easier to set up, no distribution requirements. Private foundation: complex (must donate 5% of assets annually), expensive tax/legal, but more control. Use public if: small-to-medium gifts, want simplicity. Use private if: family legacy, multi-generational wealth, control is priority.
βΆWhat salary for charitable giving expertise?
Tax accountant ($70-100k) + charitable planning = $100-130k. Wealth manager ($120-200k) + this = $200-280k. Rare skill: only 15% of CPAs specialize here. High-net-worth clients seek this expertise; combine with estate planning for $250-400k+ total comp.